Whereas recent studies of anticoagulant (eg, rivaroxaban) and intensive lipid lowering (such as PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] inhibitors) have reduced major cardiovascular and limb events in PAD populations, chronic ischemia of the limb remains largely resistant to medical therapy. Experimental approaches to improve limb outcomes have included the administration of angiogenic cytokines (either as recombinant protein or as gene therapy) as well as cell therapy. Although early angiogenesis and cell therapy studies were promising, these studies lacked sufficient control groups and larger randomized clinical trials have yet to achieve significant benefit. This review will focus on what has been learned to advance medical revascularization for PAD and how that information might lead to novel approaches for therapeutic angiogenesis and arteriogenesis for PAD.Multifocal fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and spontaneous coronary artery dissection are both sex-biased diseases disproportionately affecting women over men in a 91 ratio. Traditionally known in the context of renovascular hypertension, recent advances in knowledge about FMD have demonstrated that FMD is a systemic arteriopathy presenting as arterial stenosis, aneurysm, and dissection in virtually any arterial bed. FMD is also characterized by major cardiovascular presentations including hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction. Similar to FMD, spontaneous coronary artery dissection is associated with a high prevalence of extracoronary vascular abnormalities, including FMD, aneurysm, and extracoronary dissection, and recent studies have also found genetic associations between the two diseases. This review will summarize the relationship between FMD and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with a focus on common clinical associations, histopathologic mechanisms, genetic susceptibilities, and the biology of these diseases. The current status of disease models and critical future research directions will also be addressed.Venous disease is a term that broadly covers both venous thromboembolic disease and chronic venous disease. The basic pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease differ as venous thromboembolism results from an imbalance of hemostasis and thrombosis while chronic venous disease occurs in the setting of tissue damage because of prolonged venous hypertension. Both diseases are common and account for significant mortality and morbidity, respectively, and collectively make up a large health care burden. Despite both diseases having well-characterized environmental components, it has been known for decades that family history is an important risk factor, implicating a genetic element to a patient's risk. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases has greatly benefited from an expansion of population genetic studies from pioneering familial studies to large genome-wide association studies; we now have multiple risk loci for each venous disease. In this review, we will highlight the current state of knowledge on the epidemiology and genetics of venous thromboembolism and chronic venous disease and directions for future research.Dissemination of prolonged exposure (PE) for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires the availability of consultants who can help mental health clinicians learn to deliver the protocol faithfully and effectively. However, there is a dearth of PE consultants. We created a training program that aims to develop a national network of community-based PE consultants. The purpose of the study is to evaluate program effectiveness.
Our training program requires each consultant to provide consultation to two trainees, each of whom must treat two patients. Our team observes consultants engage with their trainees during virtual meetings and then provides feedback on each consultant's performance. Throughout the training, we collect outcome data on consultants, their trainees, and the patients of their trainees.
We have graduated 36 consultants, representing 14 American states. The vast majority of consultants (90%) were able to meet training requirements and expectations. Additionally, the magram. https://www.selleckchem.com/pharmacological_MAPK.html (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Previous research has documented a strong association between emotion regulation (ER) and quality of life (QoL). Nevertheless, extant studies have not tested this association in participants meeting diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder nor accounted for other explanatory variables statistically. Our primary objective was to evaluate the unique relations among ER dimensions and QoL while controlling for dissociation, neuroticism, and PTSD symptoms statistically. Our secondary aim was to test the hypothesis that the correlation between PTSD symptoms and dissociation will be greater in a sample with clinically elevated PTSD compared with a nonclinical sample.
Data were collected from an unselected undergraduate sample (N = 502) and a subsample of participants with probable PTSD (N = 53) using self-report measures.
Analyses revealed that increased general emotional dysregulation, dissociation, PTSD symptoms, blaming others, neuroticism, and impulsivity were uniquely related to poor QoL in t trauma-exposed sample are necessary to replicate and extend our findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).This study examined trauma frequency, alcohol use, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as predictors of emotion regulation (ER) difficulties among post-9/11 Veterans.
Seventy-four Veterans (95.5% male; mean age = 40; 45.9% Caucasian) completed questionnaires on demographics, PTSD symptoms, ER, trauma frequency, and drinking.
Positive correlations were observed between PTSD symptom severity and ER difficulties (r = .6, p &lt; .001) and drinking behavior and emotion dysregulation (r = .25, p &lt; .05). PTSD symptoms above the clinical cutoff resulted in significantly higher ER difficulties than subclinical symptoms, t(66) = -2.975, p &lt; .01). Linear regressions revealed that PTSD accounted for 37% of the variance in ER difficulties, F(1, 66) = 37.34, p &lt; .05. Cluster C was the only significant predictor of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) total scores (B = 1.40, p &lt; .05). Regression analyses on DERS subscales were also examined. Both PTSD Checklist-Specific (PCL-S) total and Cluster C significantly predicted the subscales of nonacceptance (PCL-S total, B = .